Sound signals compel us to pay attention to something. "Gendering Africa: Musical Perspectives" Friday, March 4, 2022 (all day, online, registration required) "Gendering Africa: Musical Perspectives" is a day-long online symposium hosted by the Center for Ethnomusicology, in the Department of Music at Columbia University.It will feature presentations from African and African-descended women ethnomusicologists and performers who center sub . Por su parte, Resistencia Music lleva siete aos. We spend our lives surrounded by all kinds of sounds that are unique to our environment, yet we rarely pay attention to them. We turn to music to feel better, relieve anxiety, overcome a difficult situation, find calm and peace, or feel empowered and fearless. Dr. Ama Oforiwaa Aduonumis a researcher, scholar, teacher, and performer of African and Black Atlantic music styles and traditions. Appel, M. P. (2006). Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Precisamente de la cabecera municipal de Andagoya, en el Choc, surgi la iniciativa para que estas manifestaciones fueran incluidas en la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial (LRPCI), lo cual se logr en 2014. A landmark is something that is easily recognizable (e.g., the Eiffel Tower, Monument Valley, Grand Canyon, Empire State Building). El proyecto cont con la coproduccin de Resistencia Music y la investigadora Paola Andrea Henao. This soundscape, as acoustic environmentalist R. Murray Schafer conceived it, concerns what those sounds tell us about who we are and the time in which we live. She Can't Love Me Anymore, artist Ryan Story. Part of the songs popularity is the subject matter. She blends popular, folk, and gospel into what she calls development music. Schafer coined the term schizophonia to describe sound that is separated from its source, such as recorded music. This is approximately the same thing a voltage-controlled-filter does in an analog synthesizer. African diaspora: A musical perspective. Children are inherently musical. Look up the background of some of your favorite childrens songs such as Ring Around the Rosie or London Bridge., [The purpose of music in the schools]is to prepare students for full participation in the social, economic, political, and artistic life of their homeland and the world at large. Children now grow up spending much of their leisure time hearing music rather than performing or making it. Early childhood preservice teachers beliefs about music, developmentally appropriate practice, and the relationship between music and developmentally appropriate practice. Esta ceremonia inclua arrullos, romances, rondas y bailes para despedir al nio. Champeta Popular music from the Caribbean coast of Colombia that incorporates Colombian Afro-Roots, Congolese music, calypso, soca, and other genres. Other answers have pointed out that timbre is the essence of the answer here. Analog-based playback functions such as pause, rewind, and fast forward are also featured. We could talk about loudness and duration (the two other main dimensions of music), but neither of those change the vowel sound we make or hear. Research shows that learning from an arts-centric STEAM perspective encourages students to Algunos alabaos tienen versos en latn o lo simulan. According to his theory, when people felt happy or sad while listening to music, it was because they were projecting emotions they brought as listeners onto the music. It means down river and is performed by the bogas (boatmen) as they go down the river, transporting goods or people on canoes, rafts or small boats. For the voiced consonants, most of them are essentially the same as the unvoiced ones outlined above, except they also involve the vocal cords, so there is again a pitch of some kind when voiced consonants are spoken. songs (alabaos). Bunraku puppets are: . Schafer, R. M. (1993). The sheet music provided by the teacher apparently contains a highly detailed and lengthy song. Tough question because music is growing and evolving from that which preceded it so it's all interrelated. Concerning your discussion of pitch, it's worth noting that in some languages (most famously Mandarin Chinese), the pitch of vowels does actually carry semantic meaning; and even in English, the ends of sentences tend to be pitched upwards or downwards depending on whether they're questions or statements. Unvoiced consonants (like /t/, /p/, /f/, /k/, /s/), from a musical standpoint, are closest to percussion sounds. We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. The chirima chocoana consists of clarinet, flute or euphonium, cymbals, drum, requinta, and bombo. Currulao A Colombian dance of African origin, also known as marimba dance. ", Email powered by MailChimp (Privacy Policy, Terms of Use), Living traditions of, by, and for the people. Tambin se canta al dolor, a la contradiccin y a la confusin frente a la muerte. This is because childrens songs often preserve the social and historical meaning of a culture and the identity of its people. 2-17). Is it plausible for constructed languages to be used to affect thought and control or mold people towards desired outcomes? No individuals are present in the photograph. If human beings are innately musical, and if in some societies these innate capacities are nurtured in early childhood, it has always seemed to me that we must do more in modern industrial society to place artistic experience and musical practice at the center of education. Some local education agencies currently offer a full, balanced education that includes rich and varied arts opportunities for their students. Adems de ser una forma de transmitir los principios espirituales que quedaron del sincretismo con la religin catlica, fomentaban la solidaridad, pues el ritual mortuorio se preparaba de manera colectiva y la comunidad se acompaaba en el dolor y en el proceso de sanacin emocional, como explica un documento de la Fundacin Cultural Andagoya. Prominent presence of brass instruments is notable. Alabao The Alabao is a wake in the Pacific region of Colombia, following the death of an adult, where extremely sad chants are sung, also a cappella. Washington, DC: Rowman and Littlefield. ", they often us a sing-song tone that is a melodic minor third. Dark colors are contrast by the lighter background. The results favor integrative and holistic approaches that support the ideals of what a skilled 21st century student should know. How much time do you spend listening to music through headphones? Describe the quality or tone color of each sound (timbre) of each sound. In fact, the oldest songs you probably know are childrens songs! By the way, in voice training these topics are called diction. Mindy likes to broaden her repertoire selections to include music by late 20th-century and. This piece depicts the exploration and development of musical ability in a private, domestic setting. Sin embargo, estas expresiones no se encuentra nicamente en el Pacfico, . To explore the idea of music as culture, lets look further at Mary and her lamb. Los alabaos son cantos fnebres y de alabanza. Enhancing student learning through arts integration: Implications for the profession. watch this Ted Talk: Shh! All children are musicalthey are born musical, and are keenly aware of sounds around them. In America, all of the music we currently know today is derived from the musical genres that came before us. What music is appropriate for the children Im working with? Recordings have made music accessible everywhere: TV, radio, CDs, Internet, video games, personal music players, etc. Her core interests are indigenous language sustainability, culture curation, and intangible heritage preservation. The way we make different vowel sounds is by changing the shape of our mouths, and this changes the timbre of the sound made by our vocal cords. Read the University copyright policy. Claudia CaldernEdmar CastaedaGrupo NicheLos Gaiteros de San JacintoLos TitanesLuca PulidoMarta GmezMnica GiraldoSamuel TorresTot La Momposina, Your Connection to traditional and contemporary World Music, including folk, roots, global music, ethno and crosscultural fusions. What if you heard of a new product that could help children focus, increase their learning potential, re-boot their cognitive functioning, and make them feel relaxed and refreshed all in a few minutes? How do children think about music? A Black Womans Life and Liberation in Heavy Metal(Bazillion Points, 2012). Her research has centered on ritual and religious music of Africa and its historic and present diaspora, centering on Christianity. From commercial musicpop and rock to jazz, from folk songs to national songs, religious and holiday songs, and multicultural musicchildren hear the rhythms, melodies, and harmonies that make up their musical environment. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Mary Had a Little Lamb was inspired by a true incident in the small town of Sterling, Massachusetts, in the 1830s, when little Marys brother suggested that she take her pet lamb to school and chaos ensued. Teachers with the ability to read music notation, for example, felt more positively about including music in their classroom, and were more likely to use music in their teaching. The Black Scholar Just think about the amount of time you spend surrounded by music in your day. Critical evidence: How the arts benefit student achievement. Their results place a high emphasis placed on student autonomy and independent learning, problem solving, and creativity, all of which are fundamental aspects of the arts. Where did they have to go to hear music? Soy Festival Infantil de Alabaos y Gualies. Do you typically spend more time listening to music or making it? The holistic curriculum. Jazz music was a significant part of mainstream American culture during the "Roaring 20s" (also called the "Jazz Age"), emblematic of the fast speed of life and post-war energy following the end of World War I in 1918 (M. Harvey, "Midwestern JazzBix Beiderbecke & The European Fascination" lecture, October 6, 2016). The global achievement gap: Why even our best schools dont teach the new survival skills our children needand what we can do about it. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Michael Rougier captures a modern-day music recording session through photograph. rev2023.3.3.43278. Descarga la app de Semana noticias disponible en: Los alabaos: una impronta contra el olvido, En el municipio de Timbiqu, en el departamento del Cauca, ocho artistas de los corregimientos de San Jos, Santa Brbara y Santa Mara se juntaron para grabar un disco que representara una de las manifestaciones ms conmovedoras del, fortalecer y mantener viva esta tradicin, reconociendo. For example, a childs environment in a city will be vastly different than one in the country, or the soundscape of 1,000 years ago differs dramatically from a soundscape today. Shirley received her Bachelor of Arts in Music History and Theory from California State University, Fullerton. She is particularly interested in how a detailed, comparative study of these instruments might help address questions regarding cultural belonging and identity formation both within the Mande context and the larger African diaspora. The Center for Ethnomusicology at Columbia University, The Department of African American and African Diaspora Studies at Columbia University, The Committee on Equity and Diversity of the Columbia University School of Arts and Sciences, The Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America at Columbia University, The Department of Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies at Columbia University, The Institute for the Study of Sexuality and Gender at Columbia University, The Department of Art and Music Histories in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Syracuse, the Institute for African Studies at Columbia University, The Society of Fellows and Heyman Center for the Humanities at Columbia University, and the Department of Music at Columbia University. What are some of the attributes of childrens songs that make them so memorable? Shirleys research interests include worship practices in Zimbabwe Pentecostal churches, Zimbabwean choral music traditions, the development of Zimbabwean hymn traditions, and contemporary Christian musical repertoires in Pentecostal Zimbabwean churches. National and state laws and a trend toward teaching and testing core subjects reshape social perceptions and create a permanent culture that continually marginalizes the arts in the curriculum. It's difficult to explain Murail's views in a comment here; the article is online, though behind paywalls apparently. El proyecto cont con la coproduccin de Resistencia Music y la investigadora Paola Andrea Henao. This book takes a holistic approach to the study of music, drawing from diverse fields such as music education, ethnomusicology, sociology, and cognitive sciences. Women play an important role in both song and dance. How much of it is pre-recorded? What is the technology where two vocals overlap simultaneously in songs? Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified. It is a community dance in the Pacific region of Colombia, where women and men may meet and form new relationships; the most common of all the Afro-Colombian dances. They respond to loud noises as well by kicking, and curl up and turn away from loud rock or pop music (birth.com.au, 2013). The meaning of this song is historically significant. Fox Ph.D. 0 Reviews. Chanting by women and men (cantadoras and chureadores) blends with acoustic instruments, handcrafted using local materials: palm-wood marimbas, wooden and leather bass and hand drums, and bamboo and seed rattles. Most striking is the festive Venezuelan dance music called joropo, a fiercely virtuoso display of rippling melodies played on harp, bandola and cuatro accompanied by bass, cajon and maracas. Gordon, E. (2012). The cantos de vaquera are believed to be one of the precursors of the popular vallenato genre. What were your favorite songs as a child? Dicha experiencia, fortalecida con los conocimientos de la investigadora de las msicas de marimba y cantos tradicionales del Pacfico, Paola Andrea Henao, un producto que es testimonio de los cantos que estn desapareciendo en la regin. During the transition to vowel, the difference between /m/ and /n/ is similar to the difference between /w/ and /y/. The arts make a difference. Now think of a location and its sound, and imagine a recognizable sound associated for that place. In the U.S., unique genres of music that are part of our cultural fabric have developed over the centuries. She employs de-colonialist discursive frameworks to foreground experiential approaches and performative-scholarly discourse. They are exposed to the music of their parents and siblings, friends, and relatives, casting a wide net over multiple experiences and genres. Music theory doesn't really provide terms to describe timbre in general with the same conciseness that it can describe pitch and rhythm. Why is this the case? (1985) Versus Gradus novos ad Parnassum Musicum: Exemplum Africanum Becoming Human through Music: The Wesleyan Symposium on the Perspectives of Social Anthropology in the Teaching and Learning. It sometimes celebrates saints and love, or laments misfortune. Beating a hand drum can physically move students: the faster and louder, the more activity! John Blacking: An interview conducted and edited by Keith Howard. . Here's more of a breakdown aspects of phonemes: Those are the primary elements that distinguish different phonemes summarized with musical, rather than phonetic, terms. Organizations and researchers have produced countless studies on the arts effectiveness and ability to engage children cognitively, emotionally, physically, and artistically: in other words, on a holistic level. Desde all han sacado documentales como Mi santa comadre: vida y obra de la maestra Faustina Orobio, pieza que se present en el Festival de Cine de Bogot y en el Festival Internacional de Cortometrajes y Escuelas de Cine El Espejo. The soundscape affects our health, body, and learning. Here, pieces that pay homage to the art of music, as celebrated over the course of history are on display. Los Llanos Orientales are vast plains that stretch from Colombia into Venezuela. El fotgrafo Luis Carlos Osorio, uno de los lderes del sello Resistencia Music y de la Fundacin Cultural Artstica y Musical Jos Antonio Torres Sols Gualajo, ha investigado y alimentado la cultura del Pacfico colombiano durante varios aos. Washington, DC: National Assembly of State Arts Agencies. Similarly, the holistic educator places music and the arts in a central position in a childs education, emphasizing the artistic and aesthetic experiences that only the arts can bring. Questions or comments on the website? Ruth Opara Ph.D.AltheaSullyCole ShirleyChikukwa Aaron A. I have been struggling at achieving pitch accuracy since forever. 2"u % They sing primarily for funeral rituals, and their songs are mainly performed by women. Although you may not always hear the key, and the melody may stray from the key, it always returns back to the key. Andarele is a dance and musical genre of Afro-Colombian and Afro-Ecuadorean (in particular, from the province of Esmeraldas) origin. Sin embargo, luego de tres aos y medio de papeleos y discusiones con la direccin de Patrimonio del Ministerio de Cultura sobre si se trataba de una herencia material o inmaterial, la casa se cay y ya no hubo nada de declarar, como relata Luis. How was music made? They have only a few notes, small vocal ranges, no fancy ornaments, and simple words. Two others, /m/ and /n/, are basically made similar to humming, and the main way we tell the difference is by how the consonant changes to a vowel to determine whether it was an /m/ or /n/. If you can walk you can dance; if you can talk you can sing. Think of two different cymbals, a "high" one and a "low" one as being examples of noise with two different formants. The ______ is the part of music that you sing. Le puede interesar:"Antes nadie saba dnde quedaba Timbiqu". We turn to music to feel better, relieve anxiety, overcome a difficult situation, find calm and peace, or feel empowered and fearless. Human-made vs. machine- or animal-made? (2013). How can music help inspire a well-rounded child? The Education Digest 67(6), 4753. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. His works inherit the excellent folk culture of the nation and absorb classical and romantic nutrition, integrate the other cultures and his own into one, and innovate to present a new emotional implication and personality tag. Develop a list of characteristics that make childrens songs so popular, unforgettable, and able to survive for generations. Psychology Press, 2003 - Black people - 366 pages. It expresses various activities or tells stories set to a heavily syncopated 2/4 meter. Gendering Africa: Musical Perspectivesis a day-long online symposium hosted by the Center for Ethnomusicology, in the Department of Music at Columbia University. Como explica el etnomusiclogo Michael Birenbaum, este tipo de cantos tambin se escuchan en otras partes del mundo a las que llegaron los misioneros franciscanos, por lo que pueden encontrarse similitudes, por ejemplo, con tonadas de, Junto con los alabaos encontramos otras manifestaciones que hacen parte de los rituales de velorio y que son centrales en la historia de los pueblos afro del Pacfico colombiano: los guales, tambin conocidos como chigualos, que se realizaban cuando mora un nio. En el municipio de Timbiqu, en el departamento del Cauca, ocho artistas de los corregimientos de San Jos, Santa Brbara y Santa Mara se juntaron para grabar un disco que representara una de las manifestaciones ms conmovedoras del Pacfico colombiano: los cantos de alabao. un lbum de solo voces, logra captar el acento caracterstico de este territorio y, lejos de ser un trabajo de guaquera, es un ejercicio de memoria realizado entre pjaros y brisa, entre amaneceres y sonidos del ro, buscando que la impronta propia de Timbiqu no quede en el olvido. Kingdom of musical flowers. Her publications explore the nexus where identity, history, culture and music meet. Melodically, it is the richer of the vallenato rhythms and its performance allows the player to show all his abilities and make a true display of cadence and harmony. In that sense, the book will address how children use music outside of the classroom. With human voice, of course, the lyrics are also added to the score! Antonin Dvorak, the famous folk music composer of the Czech Republic, has created numerous music works in his life. How much do you know about your favorite childrens songs? Phonetics doesn't really approach things from a musical perspective, so I thought I might try to make some correlations between phonetics and musical acoustics. How can I find out which sectors are used by files on NTFS? Plosives (/t/, /p/, /k/) have a very short loudness envelope that reaches maximum volume very quickly and then dies away just as quickly. For example, the above questions cover music theory, analysis, repertoire, and the uses and function of music in culture. On the negative side, arts teachers are seen as separate specialists, which erroneously relieves the classroom teacher of any responsibility for incorporating the arts into the daily classroom experience. The two main timbral elements of these sounds are the envelope and formant. Ngoya Kidula also interrogates traditional canons in music studies in Africa and the US. The two closest to being vowels are the /y/ and /w/ sounds. What a coincidence! Also interesting is the VoSim technology, a simple way of synthesizing vowel sounds with oscillator sync and amplitude modulation but without any filtering. The pitches used during speech generally do not have a typical musical relationship, but sometimes might be "accidentally" musical. Ministerio de Cultura. There is a plethora of evidence regarding the critical role that the arts play in childrens lives and learning. Music accompanies the daily working tasks such as milking and cattle drives. Currently, almost all of the music we experience is no longer live, but pre-recorded. Another thing that makes the /t/ sound different from the /k/ is the position of the mouth is different, which causes different filtering just like we see in the vowel sounds. Over the past several decades, educators, world leaders, and theorists have produced a slurry of manifestos, visions and statements on what education should look like in the 21st century. Now, explain a creative way to adapt this project for children. Phoenix + phonetics = phoenetics! En los primeros ocho se reunan para rezar despus de las seis de la tarde; en el ltimo, despedan definitivamente al difunto con un llanto doloroso pero liberador. On some songs, that may be all that's needed! Because societies believe that children are the key to continuing the traditions of their cultural and musical heritage, there is usually a separate category of songs that teach children their cultural and musical history. She is also a Sylvan C. and Pam Coleman Memorial Fellow in the Musical Instrument Department at the MET, where she is conducting an interdisciplinary study of the METs collection of musical instruments from the Mande region of West Africa. So an accurate, if trivial, answer to your question as to why hello sounds different to goodbye could be "the lyrics are different" though that doesn't seem to be the spirit in which your question is asked. Soundmark: This term is inspired by the word landmark and refers to the sound unique to an area. Tambin se haca el levantamiento de su tumba, que comenzaba con el entierro y duraba nueve das. En sus letras se hace alusin a las virtudes y buenos recuerdos del muerto, as como a los santos, a la virgen o a Dios. Even a single harmony part can sound great if it's nice and tight, as it keeps the attack and the energy of the lead vocal very "pointed" and direct, creating a strong 2-part harmony. The word merengue goes back to colonial times and comes from the word muserengue, the name of one of the African cultures that was taken from the coast of Guinea to Colombias Atlantic coast. @JimL. "You have to raise the gardens to prevent the hens from eating the seeds because they will eat anything they find. It is designed to locate, highlight and put in dialogue the perspectives and lived experiences of women of African descent in the discourse on gender and music in Africa. Educational Leadership, 56(3), 3640. Music can entail vastly different sounds and tonalities. Segn la tradicin, ellos pasaban a ser parte de los coros celestiales por no cargar con ningn pecado; al tratarse de un ser que no vivira la crueldad de la esclavitud, por ello, la tristeza era acompaada de cierta alegra. Nice answer! No instruments at all? Canada. All of the songs are rife with musical, cultural, and historical significance. Adems, ha producido discos como, La familia Torres y la marimba de los espritus. In musical terms, what properties are varied by the human voice to produce different words / syllables? What does the child experience? Small Party in The Garden With Music depicts a peaceful scene beside what appears to be a garden. This focus resists both sub-Saharan Africas peripheral status within the discourse on gender and music and the neglect of gender perspectives within Africanist ethnomusicology on topics ranging from performance practices to musical instruments to music and identity. In this book, we will explore a holistic, artistic, integrated, and forward-thinking 21st-century approach to understanding the developmental connections between music and children. Flake, C. L. E. (1993). Her research focuses on popular music in postcolonial Togo, in particular on articulations between music and state power. Sin embargo, luego de tres aos y medio de papeleos y discusiones con la direccin de Patrimonio del Ministerio de Cultura sobre si se trataba de una herencia material o inmaterial, la casa se cay y ya no hubo nada de declarar, como relata Luis. For unvoiced consonants, there are two subcategories we can talk about, plosives, fricatives. Contact us. How do people in other cultures view music? Makerule or Maquerule This air from the southern Pacific coast of Colombia has a rhythmic base very similar to Chocoana dance (a dance with European roots). For instance, when a child taunts on the playground something like, "Johnny is a chick-en! The process ends with an erotic accent. Newborn, preschool children, and music: Undesirable consequences of thoughtless neglect. Phonetics divides speech sounds (phonemes) into two broad categories: vowels and consonants. Thus, the music and all of its elements that children are exposed to become as familiar as their native language. Because musical performances are socially and culturally situated, they come to be ethically saturated as well. The brain is wired for music and language, a topic that will be discussed in Chapter 7. The meaning of ALABADO is a Mexican hymn. What sounds would be keynote sounds or soundmarks? As Michael Curtis has pointed out, from the linguistic side, the study of phonetics is all about what speech sounds humans make and how they make them. In the Pacific coast of Colombia, various rhythms have been preserved throughout the years; airs that kept the essence of my culture and express deep feelings of pain, nostalgia, hope, joy, the longing for freedom, love, love for the landfeelings that sprout from black men and women, Indians and mestizos, framed by the thick jungle of our region, Hugo Candelario Gonzlez S. (Grupo Bahia). What musical property is it then that makes words sound different from each other? How to show that an expression of a finite type must be one of the finitely many possible values? Perspectives: Journal of the Early Childhood Music and Movement Association, 7(3-4), 6-10. (Eds. Read the University Statement on Public Access. 1972 Taylor & Francis, Ltd. In a visual sense, a rather similar experience can be seen through art depicting music-related themes. http://www.birth.com.au/middle-pregnancy-sex-baby-kicking-maternity/baby-kicking-and-hiccoughs?view=full#.VQGwJSnZfdk. In S. Hallam, Creech, A. Somewhat abstract in form, The Dayak Plays the Musical Instrument depicts a native Indonesian man or woman playing a large instrument in a rear-facing position. The power of music: Its impact on the intellectual, personal and social development of children and young people. According to the Holistic Education movement, it is essential that children learn about: Holistic education first addresses the question of what it is that the child needs to learn, and places the arts and aesthetics as key elements in teaching the developing child. She is also a music and cultural critic whose writing can be found in print and online magazines, such as Hazlitt, Bitch, SPIN, Cuepoint, Wondering Sound, Flavorwire, Refinery29, MTV Iggy, MySpace, The Wire UK, NPR, Toronto Star and Exclaim! acculturated: accustomed to; to assimilate the cultural traits of another group, aesthetic: how one experiences music; ones personal musical experience, ambient: of the surrounding area or environment, enculturation: learning through experiencing ones culture; the process whereby individuals learn their groups culture, through experience, observation, and instruction, genres: the different styles of music found in any given culture; a class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content, or technique, idioms: musical styles, genres, and characteristics, schizophonia: R. Murray Schafers coined term to describe sound that is separated from its source; recorded music is an example of schizophonic sound because the musicians are not performing the music live in front of you, sound: what we hear; the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause, soundscape: all the ambient sounds around us; the sounds that are part of a given environment, sound waves: the vibrations felt by people that come from musical instruments or voices; a longitudinal wave in an elastic medium, especially a wave producing an audible sensation, timbre: the tone color of each sound; each voice has a unique tone color (vibrato, nasal, resonance, vibrant, ringing, strident, high, low, breathy, piercing, rounded warm, mellow, dark, bright, heavy, or light), Western culture: culture influenced by Europe, the Americas, and Australia; the modern culture of Western Europe and North America, Global Alliance for Transforming Education, A Glossary of 21st Century Education terms, Listen: A Portrait of R. Murray Schafer, http://www.birth.com.au/middle-pregnancy-sex-baby-kicking-maternity/baby-kicking-and-hiccoughs?view=full#.VQGwJSnZfdk, https://textbooks.opensuny.org/music-and-the-child/, CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike, Themselves: including self-respect and self-esteem, Relationships: i.e., relationships with others through social literacy and emotional literacy, understanding ones own self in relation to others, Resilience: overcoming difficulties, facing challenges, and learning how to ensure long-term success, Aesthetics: seeing the beauty around them and inspiring awe, Collaboration Across Networks and Leading by Influence, Creativity, Collaboration, Communication, Cooperation.